What are the main leakage risks associated with batteries stored in devices for extended periods?

2025-10-22 10:51:03

The main leakage risk associated with batteries stored in devices for extended periods stems from ongoing internal chemical reactions. Even when the device is not in use, self-discharge within the battery slowly consumes active materials, causing changes in electrolyte concentration. When the self-discharge rate exceeds the capacity of the battery's sealing structure, electrolyte may leak through tiny cracks or deteriorated seals.

Contact between electrolyte and metal parts of the device accelerates corrosion. Leaked alkaline electrolytes (such as potassium hydroxide) are highly corrosive and react chemically with metal materials such as springs and contacts within the device, producing oxides or sulfides with poor conductivity. This corrosion not only damages the device structure but can also create short circuits, further exacerbating abnormal battery discharge.

Temperature fluctuations amplify the risk of leakage. During storage, devices may experience changes in ambient temperature, which in turn causes changes in the gas pressure within the battery. When the pressure exceeds a safe threshold, the sealing structure may fail, leading to electrolyte leakage. High temperatures also accelerate self-discharge reactions, while low temperatures can cause the electrolyte to solidify, expanding in volume and damaging the sealing layer. Defects in the battery manufacturing process are also a potential cause. If the battery casing has hidden cracks, the sealant is aged, or the separator is damaged, leakage may occur due to internal pressure buildup even when the battery is not in use. These defects will gradually become apparent during long-term storage, and low-quality batteries are particularly prone to such problems.